Building technologies are progressing, new materials are increasingly used for building, but the classics always remain in fashion. Wooden houses are much more environmentally friendly, lighter, and therefore have less pressure on the foundation, and are built faster.
There are several types of wooden houses, the features of which need to be taken into account when designing and building:
1) Buildings of "wild" timber. The traditional version of a log house that has been used since ancient times, since the materials for construction were harvested locally, they are relatively cheap, durable, keep warm in winter warmly, and in summer they do not heat up. However, the technique of processing the log remains handicrafts, and the quality of the joining of the beam leaves one another to be desired.
2) House made of cylindrical (round log). Use logs and knots specially processed on professional machines. This material allows you to minimize work on removing cracks and spaces in the log. To care for such a house is heavier - necessary periodic prophylaxis (renewal of paintwork). Before the settlement, such a building should last for 5-8 months.
3) House of profiled (rectangular) beam. The prepared beam is processed on a quadrilateral high-precision machine and has a flat inner and outer surface. The process of making such a timber is more complex, which is reflected in its cost. As an option, dry profiled timber is used, which has practically identical characteristics, such as glued, as it undergoes long-term chamber drying.
4) Buildings made of glued timber. Along with the massive beam, glued is used - this material is stronger, does not dry up and does not accumulate excess moisture. It is formed by gluing separate dry boards of different thicknesses and configurations. The price of laminated timber is the highest, as the process of its manufacture is long and energy-consuming, given the opportunity to adjust the size of the finished beam. It is expedient to use on condition of use of quality environmentally-friendly glues during its manufacture.
5) Frame-panel house. Cheap and easy-to-use design. At the heart of the project - a metal or wooden construction, which is collected from prepared shields. Cavities formed during assembly are filled with a heater. Frame-panel type of construction is used for private and business purposes (the plates are manufactured at the factory, and then collected on the spot in the finished house).
Advantages and disadvantages of the main varieties of wooden houses
As a rule, they choose between two variants - a house with a log frame and carcass housing. Key factors that play an important role in decision-making - price, construction speed, quality and durability. Consider these factors in detail:
1) Durability. Houses of timber are more durable and reliable. Frame designs will serve only 50-80 years, at best. In addition, the instability of this type of housing often leads to the fact that the routine operation of the washing machine can cause a buzz throughout the house. This is due to the negligence in organizing the assembly of construction and non-compliance with construction technologies. The use of this type of construction is expedient in the economic, technical, warehouse, utility buildings, as well as in the case of the need for rapid housing construction.
2) level of fire safety. Like houses from a log frame, and frame structures require additional fire protection. Prefabricated buildings are necessarily equipped with forced ventilation, which also affects the fire safety of the room. Correctly organized ventilation is very expensive, its price can reach several thousand euros. Therefore, in Ukraine it is often saved on it, in order to "cheapen" construction, which inevitably leads to serious problems. Poorly organized roof and comma ventilation increases the risk of fire. In addition, for penetration of SIP panels, from which frame houses are made, flammable substances are used.
3) High humidity. The issue of ventilation is also associated with the problem of high humidity. Over time, fossil fuels and condensation may appear in framed houses, and living in such a house becomes dangerous.
4) Sound insulation. The beam is very absorbing noise. But the installation of internal partitions in frame houses, which does not correspond to the technology, provides very low sound insulation. The same problem is present in homes with attic.
5) Thermo effect. It has already been mentioned that houses from a log frame do not heat up in the summer and do not release heat during the winter. In frame houses, again due to problems with ventilation, the effect of thermosetting may occur. This means that in the summer the house will be very hot, but in winter it is cold.
6) Ecology. Wood is an environmental material. Residents of the house from the frame and frame house will not experience allergic reactions and health problems. The only possible nuance is the Chinese cheap OSB-plates that can be used in frame construction. This material is impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resins, evaporation of which is hazardous to human life. It should also be remembered about the quality of materials for insulation in the walls, which can also contain dangerous compounds.
So, after analyzing the above factors, one can reach the following conclusion: the house from the log is ecological, durable, it saves the heat very well, and in summer it does not overheat. Frame house - an option cheaper, fast in construction. But for the construction of such a house it is necessary to use reliable materials and to arrange good ventilation in it. And if you calculate the total amount that you will need to spend on forced ventilation and high quality insulation materials, then the price does not seem to be so low.
